Understanding Emergency Contraception: What You Need to Know

Emergency contraception, also known as the morning-after pill, is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is not intended to be used as a regular form of birth control, but rather as a last resort option in case of an emergency. In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about emergency contraception, including how it works, when to use it, and common misconceptions.

How does emergency contraception work?

Emergency contraception works by preventing or delaying ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of a fertilized egg. It is most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex, but can still be effective up to 5 days later depending on the type of emergency contraception used. There are several different types of emergency contraception available, including:

1. Levonorgestrel pills (Plan B One-Step, Take Action, Next Choice One Dose)

2. Ulipristal acetate pills (Ella)

3. Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs)

These methods work by either preventing ovulation or altering the cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

When should I use emergency contraception?

Emergency contraception should be used in the following situations:

1. Unprotected sex

2. Contraceptive failure (e.g. condom breakage, missed birth control pills)

3. Sexual assault

It is important to note that emergency contraception is not meant to be used as a regular form of birth control, as it is less effective than other contraceptive methods when used repeatedly.

How effective is emergency contraception?

The effectiveness of emergency contraception varies depending on the type used and how soon it is taken after unprotected sex. Levonorgestrel pills are most effective when taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex, with a success rate of up to 89%. Ulipristal acetate pills are slightly more effective, with a success rate of up to 95% when taken within 120 hours of unprotected sex. Copper IUDs are the most effective form of emergency contraception, with a success rate of up to 99% when inserted within 5 days of unprotected sex.

Is emergency contraception safe?

Emergency contraception is considered safe for most women to use, with few side effects. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, and breast tenderness. These side effects are usually mild and go away on their own within a few days. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using emergency contraception, especially if you have certain medical conditions or are taking medications that may interact with the emergency contraception.

Can I use emergency contraception if I am already pregnant?

Emergency contraception is not effective if you are already pregnant, as it works by preventing or delaying ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of a fertilized egg. If you suspect you may be pregnant, it is important to take a pregnancy test before using emergency contraception.

Common misconceptions about emergency contraception

There are several misconceptions about emergency contraception that may prevent women from using it when needed. Some common myths include:

1. Emergency contraception is the same as abortion: Emergency contraception works by preventing or delaying ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of a fertilized egg, and is not the same as abortion. It does not terminate an existing pregnancy.

2. Emergency contraception is not effective: Emergency contraception is highly effective when taken as directed. It is important to use it as soon as possible after unprotected sex for the best chance of preventing pregnancy.

3. Emergency contraception is only for young women: Emergency contraception can be used by women of all ages who have had unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. There is no age limit for using emergency contraception.

4. Emergency contraception is harmful to your health: Emergency contraception is considered safe for most women to use, with few side effects. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using emergency contraception if you have certain medical conditions or are taking medications that may interact with the emergency contraception.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How soon after unprotected sex should I take emergency contraception?

It is best to take emergency contraception as soon as possible after unprotected sex, but it can still be effective up to 5 days later depending on the type of emergency contraception used.

2. Do I need a prescription to get emergency contraception?

Levonorgestrel pills (Plan B One-Step, Take Action, Next Choice One Dose) are available over-the-counter without a prescription. Ulipristal acetate pills (Ella) require a prescription from a healthcare provider. Copper IUDs must be inserted by a healthcare provider.

3. Can I use emergency contraception more than once in a cycle?

Emergency contraception is not meant to be used as a regular form of birth control, as it is less effective than other contraceptive methods when used repeatedly. It is important to use a reliable form of birth control for ongoing protection against pregnancy.

4. Will emergency contraception protect me against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

No, emergency contraception does not protect against STIs. It is important to use condoms to reduce the risk of STIs in addition to emergency contraception for pregnancy prevention.

5. Can I use emergency contraception if I am breastfeeding?

Emergency contraception is considered safe for women who are breastfeeding, as it does not affect milk production or the quality of breast milk.

6. Will emergency contraception affect my future fertility?

Emergency contraception does not affect future fertility, and you should be able to conceive when you are ready to start a family.

7. Can I use emergency contraception if I am on birth control pills?

Yes, you can use emergency contraception if you are on birth control pills and have had unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is important to continue taking your birth control pills as prescribed.

8. Can I use emergency contraception if I have irregular periods?

Yes, you can use emergency contraception if you have irregular periods and have had unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about using emergency contraception.

9. Will emergency contraception cause weight gain?

There is no evidence to suggest that emergency contraception causes weight gain. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, and breast tenderness.

10. Can I use emergency contraception if I have a history of blood clots?

It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using emergency contraception if you have a history of blood clots or certain medical conditions, as it may not be safe for you to use. Your healthcare provider can help determine the best course of action for you.

In conclusion, emergency contraception is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is important to use it as soon as possible after unprotected sex for the best chance of preventing pregnancy. If you have any questions or concerns about using emergency contraception, consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance. Remember that emergency contraception is not meant to be used as a regular form of birth control, and it is important to use a reliable form of contraception for ongoing protection against pregnancy.