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Introduction
There are many types of syringes used in clinical practice, and it’s critical to ensure that the correct syringe is used for each procedure or intervention.
Syringe tips
There are four basic types of syringe tips, each with a different use.
The Luer lock tip requires a twisting motion, where the syringe tip is twisted and locked into another device (e.g. intravenous extension line). This is more secure and allows for high pressures with reduced risk of leakage.
The Luer slip tip allows for a slide-and-fit approach, whereby the syringe tip is pushed into another device (e.g. hypodermic needle, cannula port). This is easier to use, but the connection is not as secure.
The eccentric slip tip has an off-centre opening that allows for closer contact with the skin (e.g. wound irrigation).
The catheter tip has a long tapered end designed for irrigation or to fit into tubing (e.g. urinary catheter).
Syringe compatibility
Some syringes are incompatible with non-intended devices, and the connection tips will only attach to approved devices. This prevents misconnection and errors, where medications or fluids are administered via an incorrect route.
For example, the ENFit® enteral syringes are only compatible with other ENFit® devices (e.g. nasogastric (NG) tubes, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes), preventing enteral medications or feeds from being accidentally administered via other routes (e.g. intravenously).
Intravenous syringe
Appearance
Intravenous (IV) syringes are clear and transparent, with graduation marks for accurate measurement.
Common sizes include 2 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL, and 50 mL.
Uses
IV syringes are used to draw up and administer IV medications and are compatible with hypodermic needles, cannulas, cannula extension devices, and central venous catheters.
Insulin syringe
Appearance
Insulin syringes are clear, transparent syringes with an orange lid with graduation marks in units.
These are generally available as 50 or 100 unit syringes, suitable for a concentration of U-100 insulin (100 units/mL). Always ensure the correct calibrated insulin syringe is used for administering insulin, to avoid under- or overdosing.
Uses
These must be used to draw up and administer insulin, as their graduation marks ensure safety and administration of the correct dose. Incorrect insulin administration with the wrong syringe can be fatal.
Oral syringe
Appearance
Oral syringes have a clear barrel with a purple inner plunger and a Luer slip tip.
These are available in many sizes, with 5 mL and 10 mL being the most commonly used.
Uses
These are used to draw up and administer oral medications (e.g. oral suspension). This should be the only syringe used for oral medications.
Enteral (ENFit®) syringe
Appearance
Enteral syringes have a clear barrel with a purple inner plunger and a specific ENFit® tip. This tip is only compatible with other approved enteral devices, such as nasogastric and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes.
Uses
Enteral syringes should used to draw up and administer enteral medications (e.g. nasogastric feed/medications) and must be the only syringes used with enteral devices.
The ENFit® tip prevents accidental missconnections and administration as it is only compatible with other approved ENFit® devices.
Catheter syringe
Appearance
Catheter syringes are generally larger (50 or 100 mL) with a catheter tip.
Uses
These are used for flushing and irrigating urinary catheters, and their catheter tip allows a secure fit with catheter ports.
Regional anaesthesia (NRFit®) syringe
Appearance
Regional anaesthesia syringes have a clear barrel with a yellow inner plunger and a specific NRFit® tip. This tip is only compatible with approved regional anaesthesia devices, such as spinal needles, epidural catheters and regional wound catheters.
Uses
NRFit® syringes must be used to draw up and administer neuraxial medications (e.g. local anaesthetic, diamorphine) and be the only syringes used with neuraxial devices.
The NRFit® tip prevents accidental misconnections and administration as it is only compatible with other approved NRFit® devices.
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