The Clavicle: Anatomy, Function, and Common Injuries

The clavicle, also known as the collarbone, is a long bone that connects the shoulder blade (scapula) to the sternum (breastbone). It is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body due to its location and function. In this article, we will discuss the anatomy, function, and common injuries associated with the clavicle.

Anatomy of the Clavicle:

The clavicle is a long, slender bone that is shaped like the letter “S.” It is located horizontally above the first rib and serves as a strut to keep the shoulder in place. The clavicle has two ends, the acromial end, which connects to the acromion of the scapula, and the sternal end, which connects to the sternum. The clavicle also has two curves, the medial curve, which is concave anteriorly, and the lateral curve, which is concave posteriorly.

The clavicle is composed of cortical bone on the outside and trabecular bone on the inside. It is surrounded by a periosteum, a thin membrane that provides blood supply to the bone and helps in the healing process. The clavicle also has a smooth, rounded surface that allows for the attachment of ligaments and muscles.

Function of the Clavicle:

The clavicle plays a crucial role in the movement and stability of the shoulder joint. It acts as a strut to hold the shoulder in place and helps in the transmission of forces from the arm to the rest of the body. The clavicle also serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments that help in the movement of the shoulder and arm.

In addition, the clavicle protects the underlying structures, such as blood vessels and nerves, from injury. It also helps in maintaining proper posture and balance by connecting the upper limbs to the trunk of the body. Overall, the clavicle is a vital bone that supports the function of the shoulder joint and upper limbs.

Common Injuries of the Clavicle:

The clavicle is prone to various types of injuries due to its location and function. The most common injury associated with the clavicle is a fracture, which can occur due to a direct blow to the shoulder or a fall onto an outstretched arm. Clavicle fractures are more common in young athletes and older adults due to their increased risk of falls and trauma.

Symptoms of a clavicle fracture include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the arm. In severe cases, the broken ends of the bone may pierce through the skin, leading to an open fracture. Treatment for a clavicle fracture typically involves immobilization with a sling or brace, pain medication, and physical therapy to regain strength and range of motion in the shoulder.

Other common injuries of the clavicle include dislocations, sprains, and strains. A dislocation occurs when the clavicle is forced out of its normal position, while a sprain involves stretching or tearing of the ligaments around the clavicle. A strain, on the other hand, involves overstretching or tearing of the muscles around the clavicle. These injuries can result from a sudden impact or repetitive stress on the shoulder joint.

In conclusion, the clavicle is an important bone that plays a critical role in the movement and stability of the shoulder joint. Understanding the anatomy, function, and common injuries associated with the clavicle can help in the prevention and proper management of these conditions. If you experience any symptoms of a clavicle injury, it is important to seek medical attention promptly to prevent further complications and promote healing.